September
Winter wheat is harvested in southern Brazil.
Corn is planted in southern Brazil.
Corn and early soybean planting begins in Mato Grosso and central Brazil.
Rains usually begin about this time in central Brazil first, temperatures are very hot.
Scattered showers start to occur in southern Brazil, temperatures can be hot.
October
Finish wheat harvest and corn planting southern Brazil.
Begin soybean planting in southern Brazil, continue corn and soybean planting in central Brazil.
Rainfall frequency picks up in Brazil, rains 1-2 times a week, distribution may be uneven.
Temperatures remain very hot in central Brazil, warming up in southern Brazil.
November
Main soybean planting month in Brazil, first corn crop should be all planted by now.
Earliest planted soybeans may start flowering by end of the month.
Early planted corn begins pollination.
Rainfall now more frequent, 3-4 times a week, remains very hot.
December
Finish soybean planting, early soybeans flowering and starting to set pods.
Begin spraying to control soybean rust.
Corn crop completes pollination and begins grain filling.
Cotton planted in central Brazil.
Rains every day, especially in central Brazil, southern Brazil not quite as wet.
Cloud cover and rains hold temperatures in the 90’s.
January
Soybeans flowering and setting pods.
Some very early soybeans may be harvested this month.
First harvested soybeans shipped to processors.
Continue spraying to control soybean rust.
Corn in grain filling phase.
Peak of rainy season, rains 2-3 times a day in central Brazil, overcast, very hot and humid.
February
Main pod filling month for soybeans.
Early soybean harvest and corn harvest begins.
Harvested soybeans arrive at ports, exports begin by early February.
Soybean rust control now focused on later maturing soybeans.
Safrinha (second corn crop) planted after early soybean harvest.
Can still be very rainy in central Brazil, rainfall less frequent in southern Brazil.
March
Main soybean harvesting month, corn harvest wraps up.
Soybean exports in full swing.
Critical time for soybean rust to affect late maturing soybeans.
Safrinha corn crop in vegetative phase.
Begin planting winter small grain crop in southern Brazil.
Rains become more scattered, weather becomes dryer by the end of the month.
Temperatures become more moderate.
April
Finish soybean harvest.
Long lines of trucks taking soybeans to the ports and long lines of vessels waiting to load.
Safrinha corn crop in late vegetative stage or early reproductive.
Rains become more scattered in central Brazil, southern Brazil also starting to dry out. Temperatures ease to more moderate levels.
May
Safrinha corn matures, early harvest begins.
Rains have ended in central Brazil and dry season has started.
Scattered rains continue to fall in southern Brazil.
Temperatures are warm in central Brazil, cooling in southern Brazil.
